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2008-12-30T13:16:00.010+01:00

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2008-11-19T12:10:00.003+01:00

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2008-11-19T11:58:00.006+01:00

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HOME OR HOME OFFICE NETWORK

2008-11-02T09:40:00.008+01:00

Work and play together

Linking computers to create a network greatly expands their capacity and can even save you money! Does your home contain two or more computers? By networking them, you can:
• Share a single Internet connection. Microsoft® Windows® XP has a feature called Internet Connection Sharing (ICS). Using ICS, one computer, called the ICS host, shares its Internet connection with the rest of the computers on the network. By sharing one Internet connection, you can simultaneously surf the Web on your computer while another family member checks e-mail on a different computer.
• Share a printer, scanner, and other hardware. You may have a printer that is connected to a computer in another room. With home networking, you can print to this printer from your computer. You no longer have to copy a file onto a floppy disk and take it to the computer that has the printer.
• Share files and folders. Suppose your child asks you to look at a school report that is located on the computer in his or her bedroom. When computers are networked together you can, for instance, open the file from your computer, make changes, and then save the file on your child's computer.
• Play multi-computer games. By networking and sharing an Internet connection, family members can play games on separate computers with each other or on the Internet. And while they're playing, you can be surfing the Web, too — for example, visiting your favorite financial or sports sites.
And there's more: Microsoft Windows XP makes home networking easier than ever. But first you must link your computers together, by installing appropriate hardware in each and by joining the computers with wires or by means of wireless technology. This article explains the process from start to finish. You'll learn how to choose the right network technology for your home, the right components to obtain, and how to install and connect them properly. There's also a section on protecting your home network from outside hackers by creating a secure barrier called a firewall, the same as that used by businesses.

You'll need to base your network on one or more of the network technologies, or types, described below. In every case, however, you'll need these basics:
• One computer equipped with Windows XP and Internet access. This computer will serve as the network's central unit, or Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) host. It should be your fastest, most capable machine.
• One or more additional computers running Windows XP, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows 98 Second Edition, or Windows 98. These computers are called clients and will connect to the ICS host.
• Individual network adapter for each computer.
You can include Windows 95, Windows 2000, Macintosh or UNIX/Linux computers on your home network. However, these computers may require additional software to allow you to share folders or a printer. Consult the documentation that came with those computers.
Sharing connections
Although Windows XP and your network make sharing an Internet connection possible, your Internet service provider (ISP) may forbid two or more people sharing the same Internet account simultaneously. Check with your ISP for rules or restrictions it might have for home networks.

Network types
While there are several different network types, this article explains the three most popular types for home networks:
• ETHERNET - the current standard technology and the one used by most businesses; links computers via special cable and a device called a hub.
• HPNA (home phoneline network adapter) - links computers via existing household telephone wiring.
• WIRELESS - links computers without wiring, by using radio signals.
The following table lists other properties, advantages and disadvantages of each network type:
ETHERNET
Ethernet RJ-45 cables and a network hub.(Hardware needed in addition to network adapter)
Advantages
Currently the fastest, most reliable, least costly network technology. Most DSL and cable modems use Ethernet connections.
Disadvantages
Requires cables linking computers or Ethernet wiring (similar to phone wiring) installed in walls.
HPNA
Telephone cables and phone jacks(Hardware needed in addition to network adapter).
Advantages
Easy installation; computers simply plug into ordinary phone jacks
Disadvantages
Requires a phone jack near each computer.
WIRELESS
May need an access point, a piece of hardware that acts as a central transmitter of radio signals between computers. Using an access point allows networking between any two computers on the system and expands the area radio signals are sent.
Advantages
Mobile; you can move your laptop or desktop computer from room to room while remaining connected to the network.
Disadvantages
All networked computers must be within a specified distance to communicate with each other. Currently, wireless networks lack some of the capability of networks using physical connections. The cost of an access point is an additional expense to setting up the system.
Network terms
Cable modem – A modem that connects a computer to a cable TV service that delivers Internet access.

DSL – (Digital Subscriber Line); A technology that greatly increases the capacity of ordinary telephone wires to carry digital information.

Hub – A hardware device that connects network components at a central location and transfers data between all of them.

RJ-45 cable – (Registered Jack-45); Eight-wire telephone cable used for linking computers to a local area network (LAN).

Network adapters
All computers on a network require a hardware device called a network adapter. The easiest and fastest network adapters to install are external; that is, they connect to a computer via the USB port on the outside of the machine.
Internal network adapters must be installed inside the computer, requiring you to open or remove the computer housing. It is recommended that a qualified technician install an internal network adapter.

To help determine which network technology best suits your needs answer these questions:
• How many computers do you have?
• Where are they located—are they in the same room or different rooms?
• Are any of your computers laptops?
• Do any of your computers have network adapters installed? If so, what are their types (Ethernet, HPNA, or wireless)?
Apply your answers to the following examples of home network layouts and configurations. These suggest how to use the different hardware choices available and can guide you in deciding which hardware you need to buy.

Computers are in the same room
You have a home office and all of your computers are in the same room. In this example setup, the most cost-effective network technology is Ethernet. If none of the computers has an Ethernet network adapter, purchase:
• One USB Ethernet network adapter for each computer.
• One Ethernet network hub with enough ports for connecting each computer.
• RJ-45 network cables for each computer.
Another solution is to buy wireless network adapters for each computer. An added advantage of using wireless adapters, besides eliminating the need for physical wires, is that you can easily add other wireless-equipped computers—such as laptops—later.
It is common in either setup to connect the ICS host computer to the Internet via an external DSL or cable modem attached to an Ethernet network adapter. Should you do this, you must purchase a second Ethernet or wireless network adapter for the host computer. The second adapter is necessary so the computer can communicate with the other computers on the network.

WIRELESS WORLD- GSM CELL PHONES

2008-09-22T17:05:00.027+02:00

GSM (Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile)
is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. GSM is used by over three billion people across more than 212 countries. The ubiquity of the GSM standard makes the international roaming very common between mobile phone operators, enabling subscribers to use their phones in many areas of the world.
GSM differs significantly from its predecessors in that both signaling and speech channels are digital, (considered as second generation (2G) mobile phone system). Data communication was built into the system from the 3rd Generation Partnership Project(3GPP).From the point of view of the consumers, the key advantage of GSM systems has been higher digital voice quality and low cost alternatives to making text messaging. The advantage for network operators has been the ability to deploy equipment from different vendors because the open standard allows easy interoperability.

CELL PHONES-AMAZON.COMGSM is a cellular network, which means that mobile phones connect to it by searching for cells in the immediate vicinity. GSM networks operate in four different frequency ranges. Most GSM networks operate in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands. Some countries in the Americas (including Canada and the United States) use the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands because the 900 and 1800 MHz frequency bands were already allocated.

Network structure
The network behind the GSM system seen by the customer is large and complicated in order to provide all of the services which are required. It is divided into a number of sections and these are each covered in separate articles.
• the Base Station Subsystem (the base stations and their controllers).
• the Network and Switching Subsystem (the part of the network most similar to a fixed network). This is sometimes also just called the core network.
• the GPRS Core Network (the optional part which allows packet based Internet connections).
• all of the elements in the system combine to produce many GSM services such as voice calls and SMS.
One of the key features of GSM is the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM), commonly known as a SIM card. The SIM is a detachable smart card containing the user's subscription information and phone book. This allows the user to retain his or her information after switching handsets. Alternatively, the user can also change operators while retaining the handset simply by changing the SIM. Some operators will block this by allowing the phone to use only a single SIM, or only a SIM issued by them; this practice is known as SIM locking, and is illegal in some countries.
In Australia, North America and Europe many operators lock the mobiles they sell. This is done because the price of the mobile phone is typically subsidized with revenue from subscriptions, and operators want to try to avoid subsidizing competitor's mobiles. A subscriber can usually contact the provider to remove the lock for a fee, utilize private services to remove the lock, or make use of ample software and websites available on the Internet to unlock the handset themselves. While most web sites offer the unlocking for a fee, some do it for free. The locking applies to the handset, identified by its International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) number, not to the account (which is identified by the SIM card).
In some countries such as Belgium, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Malaysia, all phones are sold unlocked. However, in Belgium, it is unlawful for operators there to offer any form of subsidy on the phone's price. This was also the case in Finland until April 1, 2006, when selling subsidized combinations of handsets and accounts became legal, though operators have to unlock phones free of charge after a certain period (at most 24 months)

BLUETOOTH
Bluetooth is an industrial specification for wireless personal area network (PANs). Bluetooth provides a way to connect and exchange information between devices such us mobile phones, laptops, PCs, printers, digital cameras, and video game consoles via secure, globally unlicensed short-range radio frequency.
Bluetooth is a radio standard and communication protocol primarily designed for low power consumption, with a short range (power class dependent: 1metre, 10metres, 100metres) based around low cost transceiver microchips in each device .
Class Maximum Permitted Power
(mW)
Maximum Permitted Power (dBm) Range
(approximate)
Class 1 100 mW 20 dBm 100 meters
Class 2 2.0 mW 4 dBm 10 meters
Class 3 1 mW 0 dBm 1 meter

Bluetooth lets these devices communicate with each other when they are in range. The devices uses a radio communications system, so they do not have to be in line of sight of each other, and can even be in other rooms, so long as the received transmission is powerful enough

List of applications
More prevalent applications of Bluetooth include:
• Wireless control of and communication between a mobile phone and a hands-free headset. This was one of the earliest applications to become popular.
• Wireless networking between PCs in a confined space and where little bandwidth is required.
• Wireless communication with PC input and output devices, the most common being the mouse, keyboard and printer.
• Transfer of files between devices with OBEX.
• Transfer of contact details, calendar appointments, and reminders between devices with OBEX.
• Replacement of traditional wired serial communications in test equipment, GPS receivers, medical equipment, bar code scanners, and traffic control devices.
• For controls where infrared was traditionally used.
• Sending small advertisements from Bluetooth enabled advertising hoardings to other, discoverable, Bluetooth devices.
• Two seventh-generation game consoles, Nintendo and Sony's PlayStation 3, use Bluetooth for their respective wireless controllers.
• Dial-up internet access on personal computers or PDAs using a data-capable mobile phone as a modem.

HOME OF GAMES

2008-09-19T11:16:00.021+02:00

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OVERLOCKING-YES OR NO?

2008-09-17T21:34:00.013+02:00

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OVERCLOCKING

Did you try overclockin ever? No, you did not. So we shall try present to you what it is and how to do it to the computer’s processor, motherboard and memory.

I suppose everybody likes to make computer’s processor run faster, and gains better performance, without paying an extra! Be sure it is not simple operation.

Dismember line between successful overclocking and total system failure is very thin, so understanding hardware dependencies are necessity!

A processor rated at 2.4 GHz might be overclocked to 2.5GHz or to 2.6GHZ. That will increase the overall computer’s performances! But can such acceleration damage your hardware? Compare to older CPUs modern processors have thermal sensors which will slow down or shut down the PC depending of allowed core temperature. Older processors, for example AMD Athlon XP- socket(462) are famous for burning it self up very quickly in case of overheating.

The main overlocking features

Pay you attention to the terms counted as main features during overlocking process. The most effective way to overclock your PC is increasing the clock speed of FSB (Front Side Bus).What FSB is? This is the main bus that carries information from the processor to the main memory and the rest of the system. Increasing the clock speed of the FSB, increases (proportionally) the speed of the memory and processor at the same time. Processor’s internal multiplier is meritorious the FSB speed of the system is multiplied (older types of CPU). Internal multiplier in most recently issued processor’s is locked to some degree, so increasing the FSB speed is the only way to overlock the processor.

Also, most modern motherboards allows memory divider to be set. Divider allows the system memory to run slower then the FSB speed.

Due to the overlocking , a processor, motherboard and memory are made to run faster, requiring

more voltage in order to run stably. That is opening most important point of the overlocking: voltage adjustment.

Increasing the electricity supplied to chipset raising its temperature. Computer’s components are designed to operate within very specific electrical ranges and every drastically increasing could damage it.

To be continued…

PC Philosophy-RAID

2008-09-17T11:27:00.011+02:00

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RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks)

Increasing performance, reliability and system safety were the main tasks in computing development. Mechanical devices like Hard disk, containing moving parts, are very frequent reason for system vulnerability. Safety of stored data, resulted technology developed to deal with such problems, technology well known as RAID. The revolutionary idea (for now) is to use multiple hard disks in the same system in two ways at first:

1. The system speed significantly increasing, by dividing data between multiple disks (different parts process at the same time)

2. The system reliability increases by writing the same information to multiple disks at once.

Actually, what does RAID imply? The answer is simple but the result could be incredible. RAID is a technology that uses multiple hard drives, joined in an array increasing the speed of data transfer, and at the same time providing instant data backup. There are several different implementations of RAID, from RAID 0 to RAID 53. RAID is operating in two ways:

Striping- Dividing data between the available drives in RAID array.

DATA

1		2
3		4
5		6
7		8

HDD1 HDD2

Mirroring- Duplicating data by the controller on multiple drives in the array at once.

DATA

1		1
2		2
3		3
4		4

HDD1 HDD2

RAID 0+1 Striped array with mirroring-combines the best features of RAID and RAID 1. You need four physical drives (minimum).

Important: Multiple hard drives are linked together as a single ‘logical’ hard drive. ‘Logical’ hard drive must be connected to one or more hardware controllers or be attached to computer containing RAID capable OS, such us

Windows XP professional.

To be continued…

Setup software RAID in Windows XP

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